This report presents the 2026 edition of the Energy and Climate Security Risk Index (ECSRI), a comprehensive, data-driven tool assessing systemic risks across EU member states. Europe’s energy and climate security entered a new phase in 2026, as global tensions exposed the continent’s continuing vulnerability to fossil fuel supply shocks and chokepoints. While the EU has significantly reduced its dependence on Russian energy, the Gulf crisis demonstrated that diversification alone is not enough when the overreliance on fossil fuel imports represents a systemic risk, undermining the continent's affordability and competitiveness.

The Index evaluates energy security through four interconnected dimensions: geopolitical risk, affordability, reliability, and sustainability. It shows that Europe’s strongest energy systems combine renewable deployment, firm low-carbon generation, modern grids, and industrial strategy rooted in secure supply chains. The report calls for a shift from crisis response to system design, placing nuclear energy and renewables at the center of a more secure, affordable, and competitive European energy model.